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pdclib:printing_floating_point_numbers [2025/08/21 13:40] solarpdclib:printing_floating_point_numbers [2025/08/21 14:01] (current) – [Biased Exponent] solar
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 Instead of assuming two's complement to allow for positive and negative exponents, IEEE 754 uses //biased// exponents: The exponent bits are interpreted as unsigned integer, but to get the "real" exponent value, you need to //substract// the bias value, which is ''FLOAT_MAX_EXP - 1'', ''DBL_MAX_EXP - 1'', or ''LDBL_MAX_EXP - 1'', respectively. Instead of assuming two's complement to allow for positive and negative exponents, IEEE 754 uses //biased// exponents: The exponent bits are interpreted as unsigned integer, but to get the "real" exponent value, you need to //substract// the bias value, which is ''FLOAT_MAX_EXP - 1'', ''DBL_MAX_EXP - 1'', or ''LDBL_MAX_EXP - 1'', respectively.
  
 +=== Huh? ===
 +
 +Remember that IEEE 754 is a //floating point// standard. It makes //no// asumptions on the integer logic of the machine. What should the exponent be encoded at? Two's compliment? You don't know if the ALU supports that! So the exponent is stored unsigned. That means that the value ''1'' (1x10^0, or 1x2^0) is not stored with an exponent of all zeroes, but an exponent halfway between all zeroes (signifying denormals) and all ones (signifying INF / NaN).
 ==== Infinity ==== ==== Infinity ====
  
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 This works the other way around, too. Let's look at 0.4375. I don't need to //print// 0.4375 to unambiguously identify the binary 0 001 11, because either 0.43 or 0.44 would suffice (being less than 0.03125 away from the "real" value). Just 0.4 wouldn't do, because (0.4375 - 0.4) > 0.03125, and thus closer to 0.375 (0 001 10). This is the way printf() is looking at the issue. This works the other way around, too. Let's look at 0.4375. I don't need to //print// 0.4375 to unambiguously identify the binary 0 001 11, because either 0.43 or 0.44 would suffice (being less than 0.03125 away from the "real" value). Just 0.4 wouldn't do, because (0.4375 - 0.4) > 0.03125, and thus closer to 0.375 (0 001 10). This is the way printf() is looking at the issue.
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pdclib/printing_floating_point_numbers.1755776406.txt.gz · Last modified: by solar

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